India. Human rights / constitutional. Constitutional provision (Supreme Court judgment)
PuttaswamyJustice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v Union of India - right to privacy judgment (Constitution of India, Article 21)
In force
§1Summary
- Synopsis
A unanimous nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court held that privacy is a fundamental right intrinsic to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and protected across Part III of the Constitution. State intrusions must satisfy legality, legitimate aim and proportionality.
- Key themes
- Unique features
Constitutional foundation that prompted the DPDP Act; enforceable directly against the State.
- SaaS relevance
Shapes interpretation of Indian privacy statutes and government data demands; not directly binding on private SaaS contracts.
§2Obligations
- Extraterritorial
- No
- Breach notification
- None
- DPO
- No
- Cross-border transfers
- None
- Maximum penalty
- None
§3Dates
- Key dates
- Adopted
- In force
- Nine-judge bench ruling 2017-08-24; Aadhaar validity judgment (five-judge) 2018-09-26.
§4Text and authority
- Text
- Authoritative text main.sci.gov.in
- Authority
- Supreme Court of India
§5Where it applies
- Domestic law of
- India
§6Sources and verification
- Sources consulted
- Verification
High confidence.
Official judgment URL not captured; citation (2017) 10 SCC 1.