California. Human rights / constitutional. Constitutional provision
Cal. Const. Art. I §1California Constitution, Article I, Section 1 (inalienable right to privacy)
Partly verified
Medium confidence.Not re-verified against a primary source in this session (search budget exhausted); details from established knowledge.
§1Summary
- Synopsis
Lists privacy among Californians' inalienable rights. Unlike the federal Fourth Amendment, it can be enforced against private businesses where there is a legally protected privacy interest, a reasonable expectation of privacy and a serious invasion.
- Key themes
- Unique features
One of the few US constitutional privacy rights enforceable against private companies; several other states (e.g. Alaska, Florida, Montana, Washington) have explicit privacy clauses.
- SaaS relevance
Underpins tort and class claims against tech companies for intrusive data practices in California.
§2Obligations
- Extraterritorial
- No
- Breach notification
- None
- DPO
- No
- Cross-border transfers
- None
- Maximum penalty
- Damages and injunctive relief via courts
§3Dates
- Key dates
- Adopted
- In force
- Privacy added by Proposition 11 (1972); Hill v. NCAA (1994) confirmed it binds private actors.
§4Text and authority
- Text
- Authoritative text leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
- Authority
- California courts
§5Where it applies
- Domestic law of
- California
§6Sources and verification
- Sources consulted
- Verification
Medium confidence.
Partly verified
Medium confidence.Not re-verified against a primary source in this session (search budget exhausted); details from established knowledge.