United States. Surveillance / law enforcement access. Executive order
EO 14086Executive Order 14086 on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities
In force
Partly verified
Medium confidence.PCLOB independence concerns raised in 2025–26 after member removals; Latombe appeal (C-703/25 P per reports) unresolved as of research.
§1Summary
- Synopsis
Requires US signals intelligence to be necessary and proportionate to defined legitimate objectives and sets up a two-tier redress mechanism for people in qualifying states. It underpins the EU-US, UK and Swiss data privacy frameworks.
- Key themes
- Unique features
Introduces EU-style proportionality language into US intelligence practice through executive action, which a future President could revoke.
- SaaS relevance
Underpins DPF transfers and transfer impact assessments for EU/UK customer data processed by US SaaS.
§2Obligations
- Extraterritorial
- Yes
- Breach notification
- None
- DPO
- No
- Cross-border transfers
- Basis for EU-US DPF adequacy and UK/Swiss equivalents
- Maximum penalty
- None (executive order)
§3Dates
- Key dates
- Adopted
- In force
- DOJ regulation creating Data Protection Review Court (28 C.F.R. Part 201) Oct 2022; EU adequacy decision for EU-US DPF 2023-07-10; EU General Court dismissed Latombe challenge 2025-09-03; appeal to CJEU lodged Oct 2025 and pending.
§4Text and authority
- Text
- Authoritative text federalregister.gov
- Authority
- ODNI Civil Liberties Protection Officer; Data Protection Review Court; PCLOB
§5Where it applies
- Domestic law of
- United States
- Also applies in
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Guam
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Puerto Rico
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- US Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
§6Sources and verification
- Verification
Medium confidence.
Partly verified
Medium confidence.PCLOB independence concerns raised in 2025–26 after member removals; Latombe appeal (C-703/25 P per reports) unresolved as of research.